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CDS - Parâmetros, Filtros e Views Parametrizadas

Parâmetros em CDS Views

Parâmetros permitem criar views dinâmicas que filtram ou calculam dados baseados em valores fornecidos em runtime.

Sintaxe Básica

@AccessControl.authorizationCheck: #NOT_REQUIRED
@EndUserText.label: 'Customer by Country'
define view entity ZI_CustomerByCountry
  with parameters
    P_Country : land1
  as select from kna1 as Customer
{
  key Customer.kunnr as CustomerId,
      Customer.name1 as CustomerName,
      Customer.land1 as Country,
      Customer.ort01 as City
}
where
  Customer.land1 = $parameters.P_Country

Consumindo View com Parâmetros

" Consulta ABAP
SELECT FROM ZI_CustomerByCountry( P_Country = 'DE' )
  FIELDS CustomerId,
         CustomerName,
         City
  INTO TABLE @DATA(lt_customers).

LOOP AT lt_customers INTO DATA(ls_customer).
  WRITE: / ls_customer-CustomerId,
           ls_customer-CustomerName,
           ls_customer-City.
ENDLOOP.

Múltiplos Parâmetros

View com Vários Parâmetros

@AccessControl.authorizationCheck: #NOT_REQUIRED
@EndUserText.label: 'Sales Orders by Date Range'
define view entity ZI_SalesOrderByDateRange
  with parameters
    P_DateFrom : abap.dats,
    P_DateTo   : abap.dats,
    P_Currency : waers
  as select from vbak as SalesOrder
{
  key SalesOrder.vbeln as SalesOrderId,
      SalesOrder.erdat as CreationDate,
      SalesOrder.kunnr as CustomerId,

      @Semantics.currencyCode: true
  SalesOrder.waers as Currency,

  // Associação
  _Customer
}
where
      SalesOrder.erdat >= $parameters.P_DateFrom
  and SalesOrder.erdat <= $parameters.P_DateTo
  and SalesOrder.waers = $parameters.P_Currency
  and _Customer.Country = $parameters.P_Country

Consumo do Dashboard

" ABAP Report
REPORT z_sales_dashboard.

PARAMETERS: p_from TYPE dats OBLIGATORY,
            p_to   TYPE dats OBLIGATORY,
            p_curr TYPE waers DEFAULT 'EUR',
            p_land TYPE land1 DEFAULT 'PT'.

START-OF-SELECTION.

  SELECT FROM ZI_SalesDashboardParam(
                P_DateFrom = @p_from,
                P_DateTo   = @p_to,
                P_Currency = @p_curr,
                P_Country  = @p_land )
    FIELDS Year,
           Quarter,
           CustomerSegment,
           NetValue,
           TotalValue
    INTO TABLE @DATA(lt_dashboard).

  " Processar resultados
  LOOP AT lt_dashboard INTO DATA(ls_line).
    WRITE: / ls_line-Year,
             ls_line-Quarter,
             ls_line-CustomerSegment,
             ls_line-NetValue,
             ls_line-TotalValue.
  ENDLOOP.

Performance com Parâmetros

Push-Down com Parâmetros

@AccessControl.authorizationCheck: #NOT_REQUIRED
@EndUserText.label: 'Optimized Parametrized View'
define view entity ZI_OptimizedParamView
  with parameters
    P_SalesOrg : vbak.vkorg
  as select from vbak as SalesOrder
{
  key SalesOrder.vbeln as SalesOrderId,
      SalesOrder.erdat as CreationDate,
      SalesOrder.netwr as NetValue
}
where
  SalesOrder.vkorg = $parameters.P_SalesOrg  -- Filtro no banco de dados

Performance

Parâmetros aplicados no WHERE são processados no banco de dados (push-down), melhorando drasticamente a performance.

Exercícios Práticos

Exercício 1: View Parametrizada Básica

Crie uma view de materiais filtrada por: - Tipo de material (obrigatório) - Data de criação (intervalo)

Exercício 2: Window Functions

Crie uma view que mostre: - Top 10 clientes por faturamento - Ranking por país - Número sequencial de pedidos por cliente

Exercício 3: Dashboard Completo

Implemente um dashboard parametrizado com: - Filtros de data (obrigatórios) - Filtro de país (opcional) - Agregações por mês e trimestre - Categorização de clientes - Window functions para ranking

Exercício 4: Union de Dados

Combine dados de clientes (KNA1) e fornecedores (LFA1) em uma única view com: - ID unificado - Tipo de parceiro - Endereço completo

Resumo do Módulo CDS

Conceitos Fundamentais

✅ CDS View Entities vs CDS Views
✅ Anotações técnicas e semânticas
✅ Nomenclatura e boas práticas

Associações e Joins

✅ Diferença entre associações e joins
✅ Cardinalidades
✅ Path expressions
✅ Propagação de associações

Anotações e Metadata

✅ Anotações UI
✅ Anotações Analytics
✅ Metadata Extensions
✅ Separation of Concerns

Funções e Expressões

✅ Funções de texto, data e matemáticas
✅ CASE expressions
✅ Agregações
✅ Type casting

Parâmetros e Filtros

✅ Views parametrizadas
✅ Session variables
✅ Window functions
✅ Subqueries e UNION

Recursos Adicionais

Documentação SAP

Best Practices

  • Use View Entities para novos desenvolvimentos
  • Prefira associações sobre joins
  • Implemente Metadata Extensions para UI
  • Use parâmetros para views reutilizáveis
  • Documente suas views com @EndUserText

Próximos Passos

  1. Praticar com exemplos reais
  2. Integrar com SAP Fiori
  3. Criar serviços OData
  4. Implementar autorização (DCL)
  5. Otimizar performance com HANA

Conclusão

Parabéns! Você completou o tutorial completo de CDS. Continue praticando e explorando as capacidades avançadas do Core Data Services.Semantics.amount.currencyCode: 'Currency' SalesOrder.netwr as NetValue,

SalesOrder.waers as Currency

} where SalesOrder.erdat >= $parameters.P_DateFrom and SalesOrder.erdat <= $parameters.P_DateTo and SalesOrder.waers = $parameters.P_Currency 

### Uso em ABAP

```abap
DATA: lv_date_from TYPE dats,
      lv_date_to   TYPE dats.

lv_date_from = sy-datum - 30.
lv_date_to   = sy-datum.

SELECT FROM ZI_SalesOrderByDateRange(
              P_DateFrom = @lv_date_from,
              P_DateTo   = @lv_date_to,
              P_Currency = 'EUR' )
  FIELDS SalesOrderId,
         CreationDate,
         NetValue,
         Currency
  INTO TABLE @DATA(lt_orders).

Parâmetros com Valores Padrão

Definindo Valores Default

@AccessControl.authorizationCheck: #NOT_REQUIRED
@EndUserText.label: 'Products with Optional Filter'
define view entity ZI_ProductsFiltered
  with parameters
    P_ProductType : mtart,
    @Environment.systemField: #SYSTEM_DATE
    P_ValidOn     : abap.dats
  as select from mara as Product
{
  key Product.matnr as ProductId,
      Product.mtart as ProductType,
      Product.ersda as CreationDate,
      Product.meins as BaseUnit
}
where
  Product.mtart = $parameters.P_ProductType

System Fields como Parâmetros

@AccessControl.authorizationCheck: #NOT_REQUIRED
@EndUserText.label: 'Current Language Texts'
define view entity ZI_ProductText
  with parameters
    @Environment.systemField: #SYSTEM_LANGUAGE
    P_Language : spras
  as select from makt
{
  key matnr as ProductId,
      spras as Language,
      maktx as ProductDescription
}
where
  spras = $parameters.P_Language

Session Variables

Variáveis de Sistema Disponíveis

@AccessControl.authorizationCheck: #NOT_REQUIRED
@EndUserText.label: 'Orders with Session Info'
define view entity ZI_OrdersWithSessionInfo
  as select from vbak as SalesOrder
{
  key SalesOrder.vbeln as SalesOrderId,
      SalesOrder.erdat as CreationDate,
      SalesOrder.kunnr as CustomerId,

      // Data atual do sistema
      $session.system_date as CurrentDate,

      // Língua de logon
      $session.system_language as SystemLanguage,

      // Cliente (mandante)
      $session.client as Client,

      // Usuário
      $session.user as CurrentUser,

      // Dias desde criação
      dats_days_between(
        SalesOrder.erdat,
        $session.system_date
      ) as DaysSinceCreation
}

Filtro por Data Atual

define view entity ZI_CurrentMonthOrders
  as select from vbak as SalesOrder
{
  key SalesOrder.vbeln as SalesOrderId,
      SalesOrder.erdat as CreationDate,
      SalesOrder.netwr as NetValue
}
where
      substring(SalesOrder.erdat, 1, 6) = 
      substring($session.system_date, 1, 6)

Parâmetros em Associações

Propagação de Parâmetros

@AccessControl.authorizationCheck: #NOT_REQUIRED
@EndUserText.label: 'Sales Order with Items by Date'
define view entity ZI_SalesOrderFiltered
  with parameters
    P_DateFrom : abap.dats
  as select from vbak as SalesOrder

  association [0..*] to ZI_SalesOrderItem as _Items
    on $projection.SalesOrderId = _Items.SalesOrderId
{
  key SalesOrder.vbeln as SalesOrderId,
      SalesOrder.erdat as CreationDate,
      SalesOrder.kunnr as CustomerId,

      _Items
}
where
  SalesOrder.erdat >= $parameters.P_DateFrom

View Consumidora com Parâmetros

define view entity ZC_SalesOrderWithDetails
  with parameters
    P_DateFrom : abap.dats,
    P_Country  : land1
  as select from ZI_SalesOrderFiltered(
                   P_DateFrom: $parameters.P_DateFrom
                 ) as SalesOrder

  association [0..1] to ZI_CustomerByCountry as _Customer
    on  $projection.CustomerId = _Customer.CustomerId
    and _Customer.P_Country = $parameters.P_Country
{
  key SalesOrder.SalesOrderId,
      SalesOrder.CreationDate,
      SalesOrder.CustomerId,

      _Customer.CustomerName,
      _Customer.Country,

      _Customer,
      _Items
}

UNION e UNION ALL

Combinar Múltiplas Fontes

@AccessControl.authorizationCheck: #NOT_REQUIRED
@EndUserText.label: 'All Business Partners'
define view entity ZI_AllBusinessPartners
  as select from kna1 as Customer
{
  key kunnr as PartnerId,
      name1 as PartnerName,
      'Customer' as PartnerType,
      land1 as Country
}

union all

select from lfa1 as Vendor
{
  key lifnr as PartnerId,
      name1 as PartnerName,
      'Vendor' as PartnerType,
      land1 as Country
}

UNION com Transformação

define view entity ZI_CombinedAddresses
  as select from kna1 as Customer
{
  kunnr as PartnerId,
  concat('C-', kunnr) as PartnerCode,
  name1 as Name,
  stras as Street,
  ort01 as City,
  land1 as Country,
  'Customer' as Type
}

union

select from lfa1 as Vendor
{
  lifnr as PartnerId,
  concat('V-', lifnr) as PartnerCode,
  name1 as Name,
  stras as Street,
  ort01 as City,
  land1 as Country,
  'Vendor' as Type
}

WHERE Clause Avançada

Múltiplas Condições

define view entity ZI_ComplexFilter
  as select from vbak as SalesOrder
{
  key SalesOrder.vbeln as SalesOrderId,
      SalesOrder.erdat as CreationDate,
      SalesOrder.kunnr as CustomerId,
      SalesOrder.netwr as NetValue,
      SalesOrder.waers as Currency
}
where
      SalesOrder.erdat >= '20240101'
  and (
        SalesOrder.netwr >= 10000
     or SalesOrder.kunnr in ( '0001000000', '0001000001' )
      )
  and SalesOrder.waers = 'EUR'

Operadores IN e NOT IN

define view entity ZI_EuropeanCustomers
  as select from kna1 as Customer
{
  key Customer.kunnr as CustomerId,
      Customer.name1 as CustomerName,
      Customer.land1 as Country,
      Customer.ort01 as City
}
where
  Customer.land1 in ( 'DE', 'FR', 'ES', 'IT', 'PT', 'NL', 'BE' )
  and Customer.loevm <> 'X'  -- Não marcado para eliminação

Operadores LIKE

define view entity ZI_CustomerNameSearch
  as select from kna1 as Customer
{
  key Customer.kunnr as CustomerId,
      Customer.name1 as CustomerName,
      Customer.ort01 as City
}
where
      Customer.name1 like '%GMBH%'
   or Customer.name1 like '%LTD%'
   or Customer.name1 like '%SA%'

Subqueries (EXISTS e IN)

EXISTS

@AccessControl.authorizationCheck: #NOT_REQUIRED
@EndUserText.label: 'Customers with Orders'
define view entity ZI_CustomersWithOrders
  as select from kna1 as Customer
{
  key Customer.kunnr as CustomerId,
      Customer.name1 as CustomerName,
      Customer.land1 as Country,
      Customer.ort01 as City
}
where exists (
  select from vbak as SalesOrder
  where SalesOrder.kunnr = Customer.kunnr
    and SalesOrder.erdat >= '20240101'
)

NOT EXISTS

define view entity ZI_CustomersWithoutOrders
  as select from kna1 as Customer
{
  key Customer.kunnr as CustomerId,
      Customer.name1 as CustomerName,
      Customer.land1 as Country
}
where not exists (
  select from vbak as SalesOrder
  where SalesOrder.kunnr = Customer.kunnr
)

IN com Subquery

define view entity ZI_HighValueCustomers
  as select from kna1 as Customer
{
  key Customer.kunnr as CustomerId,
      Customer.name1 as CustomerName,
      Customer.land1 as Country
}
where Customer.kunnr in (
  select SalesOrder.kunnr
  from vbak as SalesOrder
  where SalesOrder.netwr >= 100000
)

Window Functions

RANK e DENSE_RANK

@AccessControl.authorizationCheck: #NOT_REQUIRED
@EndUserText.label: 'Customer Ranking by Revenue'
define view entity ZI_CustomerRanking
  as select from vbak as SalesOrder
{
  key SalesOrder.kunnr as CustomerId,

      @Semantics.amount.currencyCode: 'Currency'
      sum(SalesOrder.netwr) as TotalRevenue,

      SalesOrder.waers as Currency,

      // Ranking (valores iguais recebem mesma posição, próximo é saltado)
      rank( ) over(
        partition by SalesOrder.waers
        order by sum(SalesOrder.netwr) descending
      ) as RevenueRank,

      // Dense Rank (sem saltar posições)
      dense_rank( ) over(
        partition by SalesOrder.waers
        order by sum(SalesOrder.netwr) descending
      ) as DenseRevenueRank
}
group by
  SalesOrder.kunnr,
  SalesOrder.waers

ROW_NUMBER

define view entity ZI_OrdersWithRowNumber
  as select from vbak as SalesOrder
{
  key SalesOrder.vbeln as SalesOrderId,
      SalesOrder.kunnr as CustomerId,
      SalesOrder.erdat as CreationDate,
      SalesOrder.netwr as NetValue,

      // Número sequencial
      row_number( ) over(
        partition by SalesOrder.kunnr
        order by SalesOrder.erdat descending
      ) as OrderSequence
}

Filtrar por Window Function

define view entity ZI_LatestOrderPerCustomer
  as select from ZI_OrdersWithRowNumber
{
  key SalesOrderId,
      CustomerId,
      CreationDate,
      NetValue
}
where
  OrderSequence = 1  -- Apenas o pedido mais recente

Parâmetros com Validação

View com Filtro Obrigatório

@AccessControl.authorizationCheck: #NOT_REQUIRED
@EndUserText.label: 'Sales Order - Mandatory Date'
define view entity ZI_SalesOrderMandatory
  with parameters
    @Consumption.filter.mandatory: true
    P_CreationDate : abap.dats
  as select from vbak as SalesOrder
{
  key SalesOrder.vbeln as SalesOrderId,
      SalesOrder.erdat as CreationDate,
      SalesOrder.kunnr as CustomerId,
      SalesOrder.netwr as NetValue
}
where
  SalesOrder.erdat = $parameters.P_CreationDate

Parâmetros com Lista de Valores

@AccessControl.authorizationCheck: #NOT_REQUIRED
@EndUserText.label: 'Orders by Document Type'
define view entity ZI_OrdersByDocType
  with parameters
    @Consumption.valueHelpDefinition: [{
      entity: {
        name: 'I_SalesDocumentType',
        element: 'SalesDocumentType'
      }
    }]
    P_DocType : vbak.auart
  as select from vbak as SalesOrder
{
  key SalesOrder.vbeln as SalesOrderId,
      SalesOrder.auart as DocumentType,
      SalesOrder.erdat as CreationDate,
      SalesOrder.netwr as NetValue
}
where
  SalesOrder.auart = $parameters.P_DocType

Exemplo Completo: Dashboard Parametrizado

```abap @AccessControl.authorizationCheck: #NOT_REQUIRED @EndUserText.label: 'Sales Dashboard - Parametrized' @Analytics.dataCategory: #CUBE define view entity ZI_SalesDashboardParam with parameters @Consumption.filter.mandatory: true @Consumption.filter.selectionType: #INTERVAL P_DateFrom : abap.dats,

@Consumption.filter.mandatory: true
@Consumption.filter.selectionType: #INTERVAL
P_DateTo   : abap.dats,

@Consumption.defaultValue: 'EUR'
@Consumption.valueHelpDefinition: [{
  entity: {
    name: 'I_Currency',
    element: 'Currency'
  }
}]
P_Currency : waers,

@Consumption.filter.selectionType: #SINGLE
@Consumption.valueHelpDefinition: [{
  entity: {
    name: 'I_Country',
    element: 'Country'
  }
}]
P_Country  : land1

as select from vbak as SalesOrder

association [0..1] to ZI_Customer as _Customer on $projection.CustomerId = _Customer.CustomerId { // Dimensões @Analytics.dimension: true key SalesOrder.vbeln as SalesOrderId,

@Analytics.dimension: true SalesOrder.kunnr as CustomerId,

@Analytics.dimension: true SalesOrder.erdat as CreationDate,

@Analytics.dimension: true cast(substring(SalesOrder.erdat, 1, 6) as abap.char(6)) as YearMonth,

@Analytics.dimension: true cast(substring(SalesOrder.erdat, 1, 4) as abap.numc(4)) as Year,

@Analytics.dimension: true case cast(substring(SalesOrder.erdat, 5, 2) as abap.numc(2)) when 1 then 'Q1' when 2 then 'Q1' when 3 then 'Q1' when 4 then 'Q2' when 5 then 'Q2' when 6 then 'Q2' when 7 then 'Q3' when 8 then 'Q3' when 9 then 'Q3' when 10 then 'Q4' when 11 then 'Q4' when 12 then 'Q4' else 'Unknown' end as Quarter,

@Analytics.dimension: true _Customer.Country,

@Analytics.dimension: true _Customer.City,

@Analytics.dimension: true case when SalesOrder.netwr >= 100000 then 'VIP' when SalesOrder.netwr >= 50000 then 'Premium' when SalesOrder.netwr >= 10000 then 'Standard' else 'Basic' end as CustomerSegment,

// Medidas @Analytics.measure: true @Aggregation.default: #SUM @Semantics.amount.currencyCode: 'Currency' SalesOrder.netwr as NetValue,

@Analytics.measure: true @Aggregation.default: #SUM @Semantics.amount.currencyCode: 'Currency' SalesOrder.netwr * 0.23 as VATAmount,

@Analytics.measure: true @Aggregation.default: #SUM @Semantics.amount.currencyCode: 'Currency' SalesOrder.netwr * 1.23 as TotalValue,

@